Blue screen error (BSOD): what it means and what to do

First time?

Restart and carry on. A single blue screen after an update or a new device isn't unusual.

If it keeps happening

1. Write down the stop code (like MEMORY_MANAGEMENT), or scan the QR code on the screen with your phone.
2. Think about what changed: a new program, printer, driver or Windows update.
3. Undo recent changes: uninstall the new software, or roll back the driver in Device Manager.
4. Install updates for Windows and your drivers.
5. Check for overheating. Dust-clogged fans cause crashes under load.

Clues from the stop code

• MEMORY_MANAGEMENT: possibly faulty memory (RAM)
• CRITICAL_PROCESS_DIED or INACCESSIBLE_BOOT_DEVICE: possibly a failing drive
• Anything starting with DRIVER: a device driver problem

Can't get into Windows?

It may start Automatic Repair. Try Advanced options → Startup Repair or System Restore. If your files matter, back them up before trying anything drastic.